{"id":110125,"date":"2024-07-09T00:00:57","date_gmt":"2024-07-08T19:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/?p=110125"},"modified":"2024-07-08T17:39:22","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T12:39:22","slug":"increase-type-2-diabete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/increase-type-2-diabete\/","title":{"rendered":"Certain gut bacteria, viruses may increase type 2 diabetes risk, study finds"},"content":{"rendered":"<pre class=\"aLF-aPX-K0-aPE\">ISLAMABAD,JULY 08 (ONLINE): Of the approximately 530 million adults worldwide who have diabetes, about 98% have type 2 diabetes.\r\nSeveral factors can increase a person\u2019s type 2 diabetes risk.\r\nRecently, scientists have been examining the gut microbiome as a possible link to heightened risk for type 2 diabetes.\r\nResearchers from Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital have identified specific bacterial strains and viruses that can cause functional changes to the gut microbiome that are correlated with heightened type 2 diabetes risk.\r\nOf the about 530 million adults around the world living with diabetes, approximately 98% have type 2 diabetes \u2014 a condition where the body develops resistance to insulin which is needed to process blood glucose properly. Insulin resistance can cause a person\u2019s blood sugar levels to remain high.\r\n\r\nSeveral factors play a role in whether a person develops type 2 diabetes or not, including ageTrusted Source, family historyTrusted Source, and ethnicity, as well as modifiable risk factors such as obesityTrusted Source and sedentary lifestyleTrusted Source.\r\n\r\nRecently, scientists have been examining what role the gut microbiomeTrusted Source may play in increasing a person\u2019s risk for type 2 diabetes.\r\n\r\nOne such set of researchers hails Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital in Boston, MA, where their recently published study in Nature MedicineTrusted Source identified specific bacterial strains and viruses that can cause functional changes to the gut microbiome that are correlated with heightened type 2 diabetes risk.\r\n\r\nGut microbial strains and type 2 diabetes\r\nFor this study, researchers analyzed data from the Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Disease Consortium (MicroCardio) that included 8,117 gut microbiome metagenomesTrusted Source from ethnically and geographically diverse participants, including the U.S., China, Israel, and Germany.\r\n\r\n\u201cAlthough research over the past decade has linked changes in the gut microbiome to the development of type 2 diabetes, earlier studies have been too small and varied in design to provide solid conclusions,\u201d said Daniel (Dong) Wang, MD, ScD, assistant professor of medicine in the Channing Division of Network Medicine at Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, associate member at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, assistant professor in the Department of Nutrition at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and co-corresponding author of this study.\r\n\r\n\u201cThere\u2019s still a significant gap in understanding the mechanisms, especially the biological pathways encoded by specific microbial strains, that underlie the connection between the gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes,\u201d Wang told Medical News Today.\r\n\r\n\u201cMoreover, previous research has focused on microbial species, but it\u2019s actually the strains that are the relevant targets for potential interventions,\u201d Wang continued. \u201cTo address these gaps, we initiated this study with a large, diverse, and international population to search for more definitive answers.\u201d\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIncreased Prevotella copri in the type 2 diabetes gut\r\nAt the study\u2019s conclusion, Wang and his team reported finding several microbial species, as well as their functions within the gut microbiome, linked to the development of type 2 diabetes.\r\n\r\nFor example, researchers identified a strain of the gut microbe Prevotella copriTrusted Source (P.copri), which is able to produce large amounts of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), that was more commonly seen in the gut microbiome of people with type 2 diabetes.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe discrete genetic structure and population-specific distributions of different strains of P. copri are well-documented in the microbiome field. However, the implication of these strain distributions in human health remains unexplored, so study on this topic is significant because P. copri is one of the most abundant microbial species in the human gut, and our previous research demonstrated that it can predict individual responses to a healthy diet.\r\n\r\nFor the first time, this current study found that the individuals\u2019 carriage of different P. copri strains can explain between-individual differences in type 2 diabetes risk.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u2013 Daniel (Dong) Wang, MD, ScD\r\n\r\n\u201cAdditionally, we discovered that P. copri strains linked to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes have an increased ability to produce branched-chain amino acids, metabolites that could potentially lead to type 2 diabetes, which provide a functional explanation to why individuals carrying certain strains have higher risk of type 2 diabetes,\u201d he added.\r\n\r\nBacteriophages viruses may increase diabetes risk\r\nWang and his team also discovered evidence suggesting that bacteriophagesTrusted Source \u2014 viruses that only infect bacterial cells \u2014 might also be driving changes to specific bacterial strains in the gut microbiome, driving increased type 2 diabetes risk.\r\n\r\n\u201cFew studies have studied the role of bacteriophages in chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes; most previous research focused on their role in infectious diseases,\u201d Wang explained. \u201cOur study is novel because we discovered that bacteria infected by bacteriophages can have different functions related to type 2 diabetes pathology. This infection could be a significant driving force in the evolution of different microbial strains.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u201cOur study is the first project from this international consortium on the human microbiome and cardiometabolic health that my group is leading (MicroCardio Consortium). We\u2019ve demonstrated the significant potential of combining a large, diverse population with novel analytical methods to generate new biological insights. We plan to maintain and expand this consortium, extending our research to other disease areas.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u2013 Daniel (Dong) Wang, MD, ScD\r\n\r\n\u201cAdditionally, we will go deeper into mechanisms, such as comprehensively studying bacteriophages and horizontal gene transfers in all gut bacteria and their implications in modifying inflammation response and insulin resistance at the local level \u2014 gut environment \u2014 and systematically,\u201d Wang added.\r\n\r\nFuture research on gut microbiome\r\nAfter reviewing this study, Rudolph Bedford, MD, a board-certified gastroenterologist at Providence Saint John\u2019s Health Center in Santa Monica, CA, told MNT that researchers have been investigating the gut microbiome and how it may affect or cause diabetes for some time now.\r\n\r\n\u201cMy take on it is that there is likely something to it and that insulin sensitivity may be regulated dependent upon the type of bacteria that is within the gut, considering that these bacteria are what are used to process many of the foods and byproducts, such as fatty acids, may certainly affect insulin sensitivity, so to speak,\u201d Bedford explained.\r\n\r\nBedford said it is important for researchers to continue to look for factors that may increase a person\u2019s risk of developing type 2 diabetes, such as changes within the gut microbiome.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe might be able to modulate their bacterial flora with certain things such as probiotics, possibly dietary modifiers, in terms of regulating the gut microbiome in certain positive ways,\u201d he continued. \u201cI\u2019d like to see the effect of probiotics on the development of insulin sensitivity as it pertains to the bacterial flora of the gut and to see whether or not utilizing probiotics maybe we might be able to alter the course of some patients who are prediabetic and see whether or not we do have an effect on their insulin sensitivity.\u201d<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ISLAMABAD,JULY 08 (ONLINE): Of the approximately 530 million adults worldwide who have diabetes, about 98% have type 2 diabetes. Several factors can increase a person\u2019s type 2 diabetes risk. Recently, scientists have been examining the gut microbiome as a possible link to heightened risk for [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":110126,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9821],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-health-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>increase type 2 diabete<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"increase type 2 diabete\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/increase-type-2-diabete\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" 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