{"id":109847,"date":"2024-07-02T01:00:16","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T20:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/?p=109847"},"modified":"2024-07-01T17:20:10","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T12:20:10","slug":"do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/","title":{"rendered":"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?"},"content":{"rendered":"<pre class=\"aLF-aPX-K0-aPE\">ISLAMABAD, July 01 (Online): We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here\u2019s our process.\r\n\r\n\r\nHow we vet brands and products\r\n\r\nUsing a large genetic database, a new study investigated links between coffee and health.\r\nThe researchers found the genetics of coffee consumption were associated with outcomes of obesity and substance use.\r\nThey also found contradictory relationships between genes associated with coffee drinking and mental health.\r\nA new study, published in NeuropsychopharmacologyTrusted Source, uses two large gene databases to identify health traits associated with coffee consumption.\r\n\r\nAlthough the research does not answer the enduring \u201cIs coffee good or bad?\u201d question, they unearth some interesting connections.\r\n\r\nFor instance, they found strong genetic links between coffee consumption and health outcomes like obesity and substance use. They also identified links to mental health conditions, although these were less straightforward.\r\n\r\n\r\nWhy are we still talking about coffee?\r\nGlobally, coffee is one of the most commonly consumed drinks, and caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug.\r\n\r\nYet, despite decades of research, links between coffee and health are still being examined.\r\n\r\nThere is some evidence that moderate coffee intake is linked to a reduced riskTrusted Source of liver disease, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and neurodegenerative conditionsTrusted Source.\r\n\r\nOn the other hand, coffee may also be associated with the useTrusted Source and misuseTrusted Source of other substances and some cancersTrusted Source. It is a complex situation, likely involving genetics, how much someone drinks, and a wide range of other factors.\r\n\r\nAs the authors of the new paper write, \u201cAddressing the full spectrum of coffee\u2019s correlations with health and disease is therefore an important but challenging task.\u201d\r\n\r\n\r\nLooking for answers in genes\r\nAs strange as it seems, how much coffee or caffeine an individual drinks might be partly inherited from their parents. Previous research on twins has suggested that caffeine-related traits are 36\u201358%Trusted Source heritable.\r\n\r\nTo investigate these relationships, scientists use so-called genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In short, these studies analyze participants\u2019 whole genomes to identify gene variants associated with a given trait.\r\n\r\nIn particular, they focus on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These are the most common form of genetic variants and involve change in a single nucleotide \u2014 the building blocks of DNA.\r\n\r\nResearchers then look for links between particular SNPs and the trait of interest. In this case, coffee consumption.\r\n\r\nThe latest study used genetic data from two large datasets:\r\n\r\n23andMe from the United States: 130,153 people.\r\nUK Biobank from the United Kingdom: 334,659 people.\r\nAlongside genetic information, these datasets have information from questionnaires, including how much coffee they drink. They also distinguished between caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe used this data to identify regions on the genome associated with whether somebody is more or less likely to consume coffee. And then identify the genes and biology that could underlie coffee intake,\u201d explains lead author Hayley H. A. Thorpe, Ph.D., from the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry at Western University in Ontario, Canada.\r\n\r\n\r\nLinks between coffee and health\r\nAs expected, in both datasets, the scientists found evidence of a genetic disposition to coffee consumption.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe were also able to confidently identify specific genes that influenced coffee consumption, including some that influence how quickly caffeine is metabolized,\u201d Thorpe told Medical News Today.\r\n\r\nIn both the U.K. and U.S. datasets, the scientists noted positive associations between coffee consumption and health outcomes, including substance use and obesity.\r\n\r\nMNT spoke with Michael Foti, PhD., an assistant professor of internal medicine at Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine in New York who was not involved in the study. We asked what a \u201cpositive association\u201d between coffee and obesity means:\r\n\r\n\u201cThis study found that certain genes were found consistently among enough participants to say the two may be linked.\u201d\r\n\r\nIn agreement, Thorpe told MNT that \u201cthe genetics of coffee intake positively overlapped with the genetics of obesity and related traits.\u201d She also added an important caveat:\r\n\r\n\u201cThis does not mean that coffee intake promotes obesity. Rather, it means that the genetic differences among individuals that influence coffee intake also influence obesity.\u201d\r\n\r\nFoti also adds an important caveat: \u201cThe development of obesity is multifactorial and unlikely the product of genetics alone.\u201d\r\n\r\n\r\nPhenome-wide association study\r\nIn another part of the study, the scientists carried out a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS).\r\n\r\nIn this type of study, Thorpe explained, they use genetic data to train a model to predict the genetic tendency to consume coffee. Then, using another population, they \u201cexplored whether people who carry those coffee intake-associated genetic variants are more or less likely to have different health outcomes.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u201cWe found that those who carry genetic variants related to coffee intake had greater odds of an obesity diagnosis.\u201d\r\n\r\nAgain, she explained that this only tells us that the genetics of coffee consumption are associated with obesity odds, not that they cause obesity.\r\n\r\n\r\nHow coffee affects mental health\r\nWhen the scientists looked at psychiatric conditions, the results were less clear-cut. Thorpe explains:\r\n\r\n\u201cLook at the genetics of anxiety, for instance, or bipolar and depression: In the 23andMe data set, they tend to be positively genetically correlated with coffee intake genetics. But then, in the UK Biobank, you see the opposite pattern, where they\u2019re negatively genetically correlated. This is not what we expected.\u201d\r\n\r\nOne of the reasons for this discrepancy might be how the questionnaires asked about coffee intake.\r\n\r\nThe 23andMe questionnaire asked, \u201cHow many 5-ounce (cup-sized) servings of caffeinated coffee do you consume each day?\u201d The UK Biobank questionnaire, however, asks, \u201cHow many cups of coffee do you drink each day? (Include decaffeinated coffee).\u201d\r\n\r\nAlso, the questionnaires did not capture how the coffee was consumed. In the U.K. for instance, people are more likely to drink instant coffee, while ground coffee and frappuccinos with added sugar are more common in the U.S.\r\n\r\nIn other words, if two people had identical coffee consumption genes, their coffee-drinking habits might be different if they were born in the U.K. versus the U.S. Our environment can have a powerful effect on how we act out our genetic influences.\r\n\r\n\r\nGenes and traits: Positives and pitfalls\r\n\u201cGWAS provide important information on potential associations between certain genes and traits and diseases,\u201d Foti explained to MNT.\r\n\r\n\u201cHowever, they are limited in how you can apply these findings to the general population as the GWAS findings in one population may not apply to others,\u201d he said.\r\n\r\nHe also said that some diseases and traits are \u201clikely the product of many factors, including environmental and other associated diseases. Moreover, it is likely that more than one gene likely affects a single trait or disease.\u201d\r\n\r\nOn a positive note, \u201cGWAS can allow researchers to explore the biology of complex traits,\u201d Thorpe told MNT. They also help scientists \u201cexamine how the genetics of one trait relates to the genetics of another trait, or how the genetics of a trait associate with different outcomes.\u201d\r\n\r\nOn the downside, she also told MNT that these studies \u201care disproportionately conducted using populations most resembling a European genetic background.\u201d This means that the results are not necessarily generalizable to a diverse population.\r\n\r\nThe ultimate question: Is my coffee habit healthy?\r\nCoffee drinkers worldwide are keen to know whether their coffee habits are healthy or not. As is increasingly clear, this is not a simple question.\r\n\r\nMNT contacted Emily Leeming, Ph.D., a registered dietician, scientist, and author of Genius Gut: The Life-Changing Science of Eating for Your Second Brain.\r\n\r\n\u201cA lot of the confusion around coffee seems to be from differences in how we all drink coffee \u2014 different amounts, and whether cream or sugar is used.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u201cFor most people,\u201d Leeming continues, \u201cdrinking a moderate amount of coffee is safe and healthy. Drinking about 1\u20132 cups a day is linked to better brain health and function.\u201d\r\n\r\nHowever, more does not mean better: \u201c6 or more cups of coffee daily is associated with a smaller brain volume and 53% greater odds of dementiaTrusted Source,\u201d she explained.\r\n\r\nBeyond brain health, Leeming told us that \u201cCoffee contains polyphenols that feed your gut microbiome. People who regularly drink coffee tend to have a more diverse, \u2018healthy\u2019 gut microbiome than those who don\u2019t.\u201d\r\n\r\nWe also asked Thorpe what she thinks about coffee and health based on the latest evidence:\r\n\r\n\u201cOur study tells us that the health outcomes of coffee intake could vary widely across different populations and contexts. How someone drinks coffee and the habits surrounding its intake are likely key to its health outcomes, which this study did not explore.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u201cOur study also supported that the genetics of coffee intake may be simultaneously associated with health benefits and adversities, depending on what health trait is being looked at.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u201cWhether coffee intake is \u2018good\u2019 or \u2018bad\u2019 for someone is likely very dependent on the individual, the context, and the health domain in question,\u201d she concluded.\r\n\r\nFoti believes more research is necessary and suggested \u201cchecking in with your healthcare provider because many factors, including medical history, influence how much caffeine intake is safe for an individual.\u201d\r\n\r\nLeeming also adds a note of caution: \u201cIf you have a sensitive stomach or gut issues like irritable bowel syndrome, then coffee might not be the best drink for you.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u201cFor some people,\u201d she continued, \u201ccoffee can speed up how quickly food moves through their gut, making them urgently dash to the bathroom. And some are caffeine sensitive, so coffee can make them uncomfortably jittery.\u201d\r\n\r\nOverall, the health benefits and risks of coffee are still under scrutiny. As with many health questions, the pros and cons probably vary from person to person.<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ISLAMABAD, July 01 (Online): We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here\u2019s our process. How we vet brands and products Using a large genetic database, a new study [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":109848,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9821],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-health-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pni-eng-templete-20.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tuba Zafar\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tuba Zafar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/0dfa6d46d29e252acc3c6eab88113eff\"},\"headline\":\"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-07-01T20:00:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/\"},\"wordCount\":11,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pni-eng-templete-20.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Health\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/\",\"name\":\"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pni-eng-templete-20.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-07-01T20:00:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pni-eng-templete-20.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pni-eng-templete-20.jpg\",\"width\":700,\"height\":400},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Pakistan News International\",\"description\":\"Latest News, Breaking News from Pakistan\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Pakistan News International\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/site-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/site-logo.jpg\",\"width\":431,\"height\":121,\"caption\":\"Pakistan News International\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/0dfa6d46d29e252acc3c6eab88113eff\",\"name\":\"Tuba Zafar\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/744ef34d1951e7021517824208536635504a982cfd8baa76dc349d66268b2063?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/744ef34d1951e7021517824208536635504a982cfd8baa76dc349d66268b2063?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Tuba Zafar\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/pni.net.pk\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/author\/tuba\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?","description":"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?","twitter_description":"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?","twitter_image":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pni-eng-templete-20.jpg","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Tuba Zafar","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/"},"author":{"name":"Tuba Zafar","@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/0dfa6d46d29e252acc3c6eab88113eff"},"headline":"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?","datePublished":"2024-07-01T20:00:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/"},"wordCount":11,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pni-eng-templete-20.jpg","articleSection":["Health"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/","url":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/","name":"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pni-eng-templete-20.jpg","datePublished":"2024-07-01T20:00:16+00:00","description":"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pni-eng-templete-20.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pni-eng-templete-20.jpg","width":700,"height":400},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/latest-health-news\/do-genetics-determine-whether-coffee-is-good-or-bad-for-you\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Do genetics determine whether coffee is good or bad for you?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/","name":"Pakistan News International","description":"Latest News, Breaking News from Pakistan","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#organization","name":"Pakistan News International","url":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/site-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/site-logo.jpg","width":431,"height":121,"caption":"Pakistan News International"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/0dfa6d46d29e252acc3c6eab88113eff","name":"Tuba Zafar","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/744ef34d1951e7021517824208536635504a982cfd8baa76dc349d66268b2063?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/744ef34d1951e7021517824208536635504a982cfd8baa76dc349d66268b2063?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Tuba Zafar"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/pni.net.pk"],"url":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/author\/tuba\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109847","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109847"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109847\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":109849,"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109847\/revisions\/109849"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/109848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109847"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109847"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pni.net.pk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109847"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}